![]() ![]() Other programs became widely available within a year, and for a time the effect became common to the point of cliché. Other early morphing systems included ImageMaster, MorphPlus and CineMorph, all of which premiered for the Commodore Amiga in 1992. The first application for personal computers to offer morphing was Gryphon Software Morph on the Macintosh. In 1991, morphing appeared notably in the Michael Jackson music video " Black or White" and in the movies Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. Both effects were created by Industrial Light & Magic, using software developed by Tom Brigham and Doug Smythe ( AMPAS). A similar process was used a year later in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade to create Walter Donovan's gruesome demise. Willow (1988) featured a more detailed digital morphing sequence with a person changing into different animals. The 1986 movie The Golden Child implemented early digital morphing effects from animal to human and back. The plaster cast of a model of the spaceship was scanned and digitally modified with techniques that included a reflection mapping technique that was also developed by programmer Bob Hoffman. It featured scenes with a computer generated spaceship that appeared to change shape. Omnibus re-used the technique in the movie Flight of the Navigator (1986). The effect was programmed by Bob Hoffman. In or before 1986, computer graphics company Omnibus created a digital animation for a Tide commercial with a Tide detergent bottle smoothly morphing into the shape of the United States. ![]() To compute the transformation of image coordinates required for the distortion, the algorithm of Beier and Neely can be used. The computer would then distort the first face to have the shape of the second face at the same time that it faded the two faces. For example, one would morph one face into another by marking key points on the first face, such as the contour of the nose or location of an eye, and mark where these same points existed on the second face. These involved distorting one image at the same time that it faded into another through marking corresponding points and vectors on the "before" and "after" images used in the morph. In the early 1990s, computer techniques capable of more convincing results saw increasing use. Digital morphing Īn animated example of an ape morphing into a bird. Émile Cohl's 1908 animated film Fantasmagorie featured much morphing of characters and objects drawn in simple outlines. A phenakistiscope designed by its inventor Joseph Plateau was printed around 1835 and shows the head of a woman changing into a witch and then into a monster. In animation, the morphing effect was created long before the introduction of cinema. In 1985, Godley & Creme created a "morph" effect using analogue cross-fades on parts of different faces in the video for " Cry". ![]() The Peter Tchaikovsky Story in a 1959 TV-series episode of Disneyland features a swan automaton transforming into a real ballet dancer. Maurice Tourneur's 1915 film Alias Jimmy Valentine featured a subtle dissolve transformation of the main character from respected citizen Lee Randall into his criminal alter ego Jimmy Valentine. The 1910 short film Narren-grappen shows a dissolve transformation of the clothing of a female character. Other uses are known, for instance Henry Langdon Childe showed groves transforming into cathedrals. In the first half of the 19th century " dissolving views" were a popular type of magic lantern show, mostly showing landscapes gradually dissolving from a day to night version or from summer to winter. For instance a nose could grow to enormous size, simply by slowly sliding away a piece of glass with black paint that masked part of another glass plate with the picture. Some 19th century mechanical magic lantern slides produced changes to the appearance of figures. If the pictures are matched properly, a primitive type of morphing effect occurs when changing from one viewing angle to the other.Īround 1790 French shadow play showman François Dominique Séraphin used a metal shadow figure with jointed parts to have the face of a young woman changing into that of a witch. Each image is only correctly visible from a certain angle. Known since at least the end of the 16th century, Tabula scalata is a type of painting with two images divided over a corrugated surface. Some of those techniques are closer to a matched dissolve - a gradual change between two pictures without warping the shapes in the images - while others did change the shapes in between the start and end phases of the transformation. Long before digital morphing, several techniques were used for similar image transformations.
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